Severe smog has settled over Punjab again as winter approaches, with several cities recording air quality far into the unhealthy and hazardous bands. Recent readings put Multan at an air quality index of 434, Gujranwala at 347 and Lahore at 294, while Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Faisalabad and Sialkot all reported particulate levels above 200. The figures underline a seasonal pattern that returns each year as temperatures fall and still, damp air traps pollutants close to the ground.

What is driving the smog

Officials and monitors blame a mix of low-grade diesel emissions, industrial and brick-kiln smoke, and seasonal crop burning, intensified by cooling weather. Earlier in the week Lahore's index reached 419 on Thursday morning, the worst reading for any major city in the world at that time, before easing later in the day. Schools in Lahore stopped outdoor activities on Tuesday, but as of Friday no province-wide school closure had been announced, leaving parents waiting for an official decision from the environmental protection authorities.

Health risks and the wait for action

Readings above 300 are classed as hazardous, and even Lahore's lower figure of 294 sits well above levels considered safe, particularly for children, older people and those with breathing problems. Punjab's environmental authorities have stepped up inspections of kilns and industrial sites in recent weeks, but the recurring crisis continues to strain daily life, productivity and health services. Until an official notification appears, families are advised to rely on government announcements rather than social media rumours about closures.